Minnesota Drinking 水污染物
在美国已经发现了超过7500种饮用水污染物. We have listed the 大多数 common contaminants that contribute to 总溶解固体 found in Minnesota city 和 well water. 美国环保署将这些污染物按颜色分类，使您的研究更容易:
Organic 污染物s (blue)
Many herbicides 和 pharmaceuticals are organic-based compounds. 有机物的水处理很大程度上取决于过滤器内的接触时间:水通过系统的速度越慢, 移除的越好. Because they absorb through skin so easily, DMT系统, 全屋过滤器 or Whole House 反渗透 Systems 是高度推荐. Organic contaminants can enter the body in several ways:
- Ingestion from drinking 和 cooking water
- Inhalation during baths, showers, 和 cleaning
- 通过皮肤吸收(比摄入多8倍)
Inorganic 污染物s (red)
Metals like 砷 和 引领 are popular inorganic compounds. 碳基过滤器对无机物几乎没有影响，而 反渗透, or Whole House 反渗透 Systems 是非常有效的. Inorganic contaminants mainly enter the body in two ways:
- Ingestion from drinking 和 cooking water
- Inhalation during baths, showers, 和 cleaning
微生物(棕色)
微生物在水里 cover a broad range of bacteria, virus, 和 cysts. 氯 Injection Filter Systems 都很擅长杀人 大多数 细菌和病毒，但对隐孢子虫等囊肿无效. 超滤系统 和 Ultraviolet Treatment Systems 是非常有效的 for all types. Microorganisms mainly enter the body in two ways:
- Ingestion from drinking 和 cooking water
- Inhalation during baths, showers, 和 cleaning
放射性核素(紫色)
在明尼苏达州不太常见, 放射性核素的水处理可以用碳之类的吸附介质来完成, 但是碳过滤器可能具有放射性，需要特殊处理. Systems using aeration with venting are preferred. like: Radionucliides can enter the body in several ways:
- Ingestion from drinking 和 cooking water
- Inhalation during baths, showers, 和 cleaning
消毒剂(黄色)
消毒剂不是自然存在于明尼苏达的地下水中, 但是城市的水处理设施却添加了这些物质来杀死水中的微生物. Water treatment for disinfectants is very similar to organics, 和 depends largely on contact time within a filter. Because they absorb through skin so easily, DMT系统, 全屋过滤器 or Whole House 反渗透 Systems 是高度推荐. Organic contaminants can enter the body in several ways:
- Ingestion from drinking 和 cooking water
- Inhalation during baths, showers, 和 cleaning
- 通过皮肤吸收
Disinfectant Byproducts (green)
当消毒剂被加到水中时，它们与有机物发生反应，形成新的化合物. 水处理消毒剂的副产物与有机物非常相似, but requires substantially longer contact time within a filter. Because they absorb through skin so easily, DMT系统, 全屋过滤器 or Whole House 反渗透 Systems 是高度推荐. Organic contaminants can enter the body in several ways:
- Ingestion from drinking 和 cooking water
- Inhalation during baths, showers, 和 cleaning
- 通过皮肤吸收
| 污染物 | 常见的来源 | 潜在影响 | 安全水平 | 国家限制 | 治疗方法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 丙烯酰胺 | Added to water during wastewater treatment | Nervous system or blood problems; increased risk of cancer | 0.0 | NA | 罗依,碳 |
| Alachor | 使用除草剂造成的径流d on row crops | Eye, liver, kidney or spleen problems; anemia; increased risk of cancer | 0.0 | 0.002 | 罗依,碳 |
| 阿尔法粒子 | 自然沉积物的侵蚀具有放射性，可能会释放出一种被称为阿尔法辐射的辐射 | 癌症风险增加 | 0.0 | 15.0 | 罗依,空气剥离 |
| 锑 | Discharge from refineries; fire retardants; ceramics; electronics; solder | Increase in blood cholesterol; decrease in blood sugar | 0.006 | 0.006 | RO |
| 砷 | Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from orchards; runoff from glass 和 electronics production wastes | 皮肤损伤或循环系统问题，可能会增加患癌症的风险 | 0.0 | 0.010 | RO、砷媒体 |
| 阿特拉津 | 使用除草剂造成的径流d on row crops | Cardiovascular system or reproductive problems | 0.003 | 0.003 | 罗依,碳 |
| 钡 | Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits | 血压升高 | 2.0 | 2.0 | RO |
| 苯 | Discharge from factories; leaching from gas storage tanks 和 l和fills | Anemia; decrease in blood platelets; increased risk of cancer | 0.0 | 0.005 | 罗依,碳 |
| 铍 | Discharge from metal refineries 和 coal-burning factories; discharge from electrical, 航空航天, 和国防工业 | 肠道病变 | 0.004 | 0.004 | RO |
| β粒子 | 具有放射性的自然和人造沉积物的衰变，可能会释放出光子和贝塔辐射 | 癌症风险增加 | 0.0 | 4.0 | RO |
| 溴酸盐 | Byproduct of drinking water disinfection | 癌症风险增加 | 0.0 | 0.010 | 罗依,碳 |
| 镉 | Corrosion of galvanized pipes; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from metal refineries; runoff from waste batteries 和 paints | 肾脏损害 | 0.005 | 0.005 | RO |
| 四氯化碳 | Discharge from chemical plants 和 other industrial activities | 肝脏问题; increased risk of cancer | 0.0 | 0.005 | 罗依,碳 |
| 氯胺 | 由氯和氨制成的水添加剂，用于控制微生物 | Eye/nose irritation; stomach discomfort; anemia | 4.0 | 4.0 | 罗依,碳 |
| 氯丹 | Residue of banned termiticide | Liver or nervous system problems; increased risk of cancer | 0.0 | 0.002 | 罗依,碳 |
| 氯 | Water additive used to control microbes | Eye/nose irritation; stomach discomfort | 4.0 | 4.0 | 罗依,碳 |
| 氯苯 | Discharge from chemical 和 agricultural chemical factories | 肝脏或肾脏问题 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 罗依,碳 |
| 铬 | Discharge from steel 和 pulp mills; erosion of natural deposits | 过敏性皮炎 | 0.1 | 0.1 | RO |
| 铜 | Corrosion of household 管道 systems; erosion of natural deposits | 肠胃不适. 肝或肾损害. | 1.3 | 1.3 | RO |
| 隐孢子虫 | Human 和 animal fecal waste | 胃肠道疾病(e.g., diarrhea, vomiting, cramps) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 反渗透、超滤 |
| 氰化物 | Discharge from steel/metal factories; discharge from plastic 和 fertilizer factories | Nerve damage or thyroid problems | 0.2 | 0.2 | RO |
| 2,4-D | 使用除草剂造成的径流d on row crops | Kidney, liver, or adrenal gl和 problems | 0.07 | 0.07 | 罗依,碳 |
| 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) | 用于大豆、棉花和果园的土壤熏蒸剂所产生的径流 | 繁殖困难; increased risk of cancer | 0.0 | 0.0002 | 罗依,碳 |
| 1、二氯乙烷 | Discharge from industrial chemical factories | 癌症风险增加 | 0.0 | 0.005 | 罗依,碳 |
| 二氯甲烷 | Discharge from drug 和 chemical factories | 肝脏问题; increased risk of cancer | 0.0 | 0.005 | 罗依,碳 |
| 1, 2-Dichloropropane | Discharge from industrial chemical factories | 癌症风险增加 | 0.0 | 0.005 | 罗依,碳 |
| Di (2-ethylhexyl)邻苯二甲酸酯 | Discharge from rubber 和 chemical factories | 繁殖困难; liver problems; increased risk of cancer | 0.0 | 0.006 | 罗依,碳 |
| 地乐酚 | 使用除草剂造成的径流d on soybeans 和 vegetables | 繁殖困难 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 罗依,碳 |
| 二恶英(2、3、7、8-TCDD) | Emissions from waste incineration 和 other combustion; discharge from chemical factories | 繁殖困难; increased risk of cancer | 0.0 | 0.00000003 | 罗依,碳 |
| 敌草快 | 使用除草剂造成的径流 | 白内障 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 罗依,碳 |
| Endothall | 使用除草剂造成的径流 | Stomach 和 intestinal problems | 0.1 | 0.1 | 罗依,碳 |
| 异狄氏剂 | Residue of banned insecticide | 肝脏问题 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 罗依,碳 |
| 乙苯 | Discharge from petroleum refineries | 肝脏或肾脏问题 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 罗依,碳 |
| 二溴化乙烯 | Discharge from petroleum refineries | Problems with liver, stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys; increased risk of cancer | 0.0 | 0.00005 | 罗依,碳 |
| 氟化 | Water additive; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from fertilizer 和 aluminum factories | Bone disease (pain 和 tenderness of the bones); children may get mottled teeth | 4.0 | 4.0 | RO |
| 兰伯氏贾第虫 | Human 和 animal fecal waste | 胃肠道疾病(e.g., diarrhea, vomiting, cramps) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 反渗透、超滤 |
| 草甘膦 | 使用除草剂造成的径流 | Kidney problems; reproductive difficulties | 0.7 | 0.7 | 罗依,碳 |
| 简单介绍酸(HAA5) | Byproduct of drinking water disinfection | 癌症风险增加 | 0.0 | 0.060 | 罗依,碳 |
| 硬水 | Mineral leached from calcite, dolomite, 和 gypsum | Damage to water heaters, 电器, 和 固定装置. Could increase kidney stones. | NA | NA | 软水器 |
| 七氯 | Residue of banned termiticide | Liver damage; increased risk of cancer | 0.0 | 0.0004 | 罗依,碳 |
| 六氯代苯 | 金属精炼厂和农化工厂的排放 | 肝脏或肾脏问题; reproductive difficulties; increased risk of cancer | 0.0 | 0.001 | 罗依,碳 |
| 铁 | Erosion of natural deposits | 热水器、水软化器、电器和固定装置的损坏. | NA | 0.3 | bwin棋牌官网 |
| 引领 | Corrosion of household 管道 systems; erosion of natural deposits | Delays in physical or mental development in infants 和 children; slight deficits in attention span 和 learning abilities; Kidney problems; high blood pressure | 0.0 | 0.015 | RO |
| 军团菌 | Found naturally in water; multiplies in heating systems | Legionnaire’s Disease, a type of pneumonia | 0.0 | 0.0 | RO, UV, 超滤, Chlorination, Ozonation |
| 林丹 | 从用于牛、木材、花园的杀虫剂中流出 | 肝脏或肾脏问题 | 0.0002 | 0.0002 | 罗依,碳 |
| 锰 | Erosion of natural deposits | 黑色染色, 热水器损坏, 管道, 电器, 固定装置, 服装, 儿童智商下降 | .03 | .05 | RO，碳，bwin棋牌官网 |
| 汞 | Erosion of natural deposits; discharge from refineries 和 factories; runoff from l和fills 和 cropl和s | 肾脏损害 | 0.002 | 0.002 | RO |
| 甲氧滴滴涕 | Insecticide used on fruits, vegetables, livestock | 繁殖困难 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 罗依,碳 |
| 硝酸 | Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits | 6个月以下的婴儿可能会患上严重疾病，如果不治疗，可能会死亡. Symptoms include shortness of breath 和 “blue baby” syndrome. | 10.0 | 10.0 | 罗依,硝酸过滤器 |
| 亚硝酸盐 | Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits | 6个月以下的婴儿可能会患上严重疾病，如果不治疗，可能会死亡. Symptoms include shortness of breath 和 “blue baby” syndrome. | 1.0 | 1.0 | RO |
| 氨基乙二酰(Vydate) | 从用于苹果、土豆和番茄的杀虫剂中流出 | Slight nervous system effects | 0.2 | 0.2 | 罗依,碳 |
| 五氯苯酚 | Discharge from wood-preserving factories | 肝脏或肾脏问题; increased cancer risk | 0.0 | 0.001 | 罗依,碳 |
| 高氯酸盐 | Rocket fuel additive, fertilizer, natural salts | Endocrine disruptor, Disrupts Thyroid function | 0.0 | 0.001 | 罗依,阴离子交换 |
| 毒莠定 | 除草剂径流 | 肝脏问题 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 罗依,碳 |
| Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) | Runoff from l和fills; discharge of waste chemicals | Skin changes; thymus gl和 problems; immune deficiencies; reproductive or nervous system difficulties; increased risk of cancer | 0.0 | 0.0005 | 罗依,碳 |
| 镭226和镭228 | Erosion of natural deposits | 癌症风险增加 | 0.0 | 5.0 | 罗依,空气剥离 |
| 西玛津 | 除草剂径流 | 血液的问题 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 罗依,碳 |
| 四氯乙烯 | Discharge from factories 和 dry cleaners | 肝脏问题; increased risk of cancer | 0.0 | 0.005 | 罗依,碳 |
| 铊 | Leaching from ore-processing sites; discharge from electronics, glass, 和 drug factories | Hair loss; changes in blood; kidney, intestine, or liver problems | 0.0005 | 0.002 | RO |
| Total Coliforms (including fecal coliform 和 E. 杆菌) | Coliforms are naturally present in the environment as well as feces; fecal coliforms 和 E. coli only come from human 和 animal fecal waste | Not a health threat in itself; it is used to indicate whether other potentially harmful bacteria may be present | 0.0 | 5.0 | 超滤, Ozone, Chlorination |
| (TTHMs) Total Trihalomethanes | Byproduct of drinking water disinfection | Liver, kidney or central nervous system problems; increased risk of cancer | 0.0 | 0.080 | 罗依,碳 |
| 毒杀芬 | Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cattle | Kidney, liver, or thyroid problems; increased risk of cancer | 0.0 | 0.003 | 罗依,碳 |
| 2、4、5-TP(三氯苯氧丙酸) | Residue of banned herbicide | 肝脏问题 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 罗依,碳 |
| 1, 1, 2-Trichloroethane | Discharge from industrial chemical factories | Liver, kidney, or immune system problems | 0.003 | 0.005 | 罗依,碳 |
| 三氯乙烯 | Discharge from metal degreasing sites 和 other factories | 肝脏问题; increased risk of cancer | 0.0 | 0.005 | 罗依,碳 |
| 浊度 | 土壤径流 | 浊度 is a measure of the cloudiness of water. 较高的浊度水平往往与较高水平的致病微生物(如病毒)有关, 寄生虫和一些细菌. 这些微生物会引起恶心、痉挛、腹泻和相关的头痛等症状. | 0.0 | NA | 反渗透、超滤 |
| 铀 | Erosion of natural deposits | 癌症风险增加, kidney toxicity | 0.0 | 30.0 | 罗依,空气剥离 |
| 氯乙烯 | Leaching from PVC pipes; discharge from plastic factories | 癌症风险增加 | 0.0 | 0.002 | 罗依,碳 |
| 病毒(肠) | Human 和 animal fecal waste | 胃肠道疾病(e.g., diarrhea, vomiting, cramps) | 0.0 | NA | 反渗透、超滤, Ozone, Chlorination |
| 二甲苯(总) | Discharge from petroleum factories; discharge from chemical factories | 神经系统损害 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 罗依,碳 |